Abstract :
Immune alteration during pregnancy is associated with many complications including fetus abortion, anogenital abnormalities, and autoimmune disease. This study aimed to observe immunomodulatory effects for pregnant women during their pregnancy periods. A total of 150 pregnant women were taken for the study which was divided into three groups. Pregnant women in the third and fifth months of gestation provided samples for the first and second groups, respectively. Finally, samples were taken from eighth-month-pregnant women for the third and final group. The one hundred and fifty samples were drawn from pregnant women aged between 30 to 40 years old. The concentration of immunological markers such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, anti-phospholipid (APL) (IgM, and IgG), and anti-cardiolipin (ACL) (IgM, and IgG) was estimated using the ELISA method, which utilizes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, blood tests for serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA) were investigated by using Single Radial Immuno Diffusion (SRID). Also, the Westergren method was performed to measure the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level. The concentration of immunological markers such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA immunoglobulin, anti-phospholipid (APL) IgM antibody, APL IgG antibody, and anti-cardiolipin (ACL) IgG antibody and ESR level were higher in 3rd trimesters compared to 1st trimester gestational periods. Our result demonstrates that the 3rd trimester can show the highest risk for obstetric complications due to the highest immunological markers responses compared to the first and second trimesters.
