Abstract :
Sex, as a biological variable, determines immune responses to both self and foreign antigens. Human gender contributes to physiological and anatomical differences that influence the formation of the microbiome. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the features of microbial contamination of the skin in students (guys and girls) of the Institute of Natural Science and Medical Institute of Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky. It was found that the number of microorganisms on the palms and the palmar part of the forearm in girls was 51.2% more than in guys. Most often, actinobacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria were present. Moreover, the number of corynebacteria on the skin of young men was 1.6 times higher. It was noted that guys were sick more often than girls (except for cystitis), but less often they consulted a doctor for a prescription for antibiotics or used them on their own. Most of the students followed the standard course of antibiotic use or until symptoms disappeared. The most frequently used antibiotics were girls (63%), while guys used antibiotics 1.6 times less often. Only 2% of students never used antibiotics. Most often, students used tetracycline (31.8%), furazolidone (26%), ampicillin (27.8%), lincomycin (16.7%) and clarithromycin (11.1%), azithromycin (12.5%). A diffuse method was used to assess the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The article presents the results of diffuse tests, which showed multi-resistance and gender differences in the resistance of skin microorganisms to antibiotics. The skin microflora of girls is more sensitive to the tested antibiotics than that of guys. Antibiotics to which microorganisms showed resistance were lincomycin (71.4% in guys and 45.3% in girls), fosfomycin (68.57% in guys and 53.85% in girls), benzylpenicillin (51.41% in for boys and 42.2% for girls), oleandomycin (51.43% for guys and 16.2% for girls), doxycillin (40% for guys and 29.1% for girls). The materials of the article are of practical value for understanding the gender characteristics of the skin microbiome and the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics.
