Abstract :
Breast cancer has been considered the most malignant neoplasm and the main cause of death among females worldwide. During 2020, there were approximately 2.26 million newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 685 thousands deaths. This disease has revealed characteristics regarding role of HMGB1, RAGE and IL-33 cytokines in progression of breast cancer in patients. The present study aimed at investigating the levels of HMGB1, RAGE and IL-33 cytokines in patients serum. And evaluation their expression with the grad and stage of Breast cancer, and its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of Breast cancer in a group of 50 Iraqi women patients, in whom the Breast cancer has been already diagnosed and compared to a group of apparently healthy (control group N= 50) individuals. The by using ELISA technique was used for the HMGB1, RAGE and IL-33 cytokines in all members of the study. The median calculation of HMGB1 (pg/ml) were 434.99 and 132.27 among breast cancer patients and the healthy group respectively, with highly significant difference (P<0.001). The results indicated the mean of increased serum of HMGB1 in tumor growth of high levels in T4 size, compared to tumor sizes in patients’ group, and it significantly increased with growth of tumor’s grade and stage. The RAGE occurred in median concentration of 141.89 in patients’ group and 61.73 in control group. It was significantly and highly different in the two groups when compared to each other (P < 0.001). There was a considerable association between mean levels of serum RAGE and tumor size and grade, which indicated that the mean of serum RAGE increased with the growth of tumor size by higher levels in T4 size, compared to T1, T2 and T3 size and higher levels in grade 3, compared to grade 1 and grade 2 in patients’ group. However, there was an insignificant association between mean levels of serum RAGE and stage of cancer. For interleukin 33 (IL-33) assays, there was a median concentration of 9.74 in patients’ group and 1.69 in control group. It was highly different in the two groups when compared to each other; with high significant difference (P < 0.001). The mean IL-33 serum levels increased significantly with the growth of tumor size, grade, and stage, compared to lower tumor sizes, grades and stages in breast cancer patients.
